lersus

Precautions

It should not be used in patients with a history of epilepsy or any psychiatric disorder

It should not be used in children below two years.

Avoid its use with quinine, quinidine or any other drugs which may cause disturbance of heart beat before or after mefloquine.

It should not be used during pregnancy.

Driving or operating any machinery should be avoided.

Quinine

This drug is obtained from the bark of the plant cinchona which is cultivated in eastern India. The plant originated in South America where it grew wild. For almost a century, until the 1940s, the drug enjoyed an unrivalled role in the treatment of malaria. Its value declined gradually with the discovery of newer drugs during the Second World War, which were more effective and less toxic. Its actions are similar to chloroquine. It is still used in the treatment of certain multiresistant strains of the malarial parasites causing brain fever (cerebral malaria).

Dosage: It is given in a dose of 300 to 600 mg orally, three to four times a day for 7 to 10 days. In cerebral malaria this drug has to be given by intravenous route with glucose and saline.

Adverse Effects: The adverse effects of large doses of quinine are quite serious and in some hypersensitive individuals maybe caused even by small doses. These include ringing sounds in the ears, loss of hearing, vertigo, blurring of vision, skin rashes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, convulsions, fall in blood pressure, and depression of respiration. It may also cause destruction of red blood cells (haemolytic anaemia).

Precautions

Stop the drug immediately if allergy or pal our of skin (due to haemolytic anaemia) occur.

Avoid its use if you suffer from ringing in the ear or visual disturbances (optic neuritis).

Take the drug after meals.

Avoid its use during the first few months of pregnancy. It may cause abortion.

Primaquine

It is used for a complete cure. It is usually given along with or after chloroquine. Although it has prophylactic properties, it is not used for this purpose because of its toxic nature. Primaquine is given in a dose of 15 mg per day for 2 weeks, for a complete

cure.

Adverse Effects: In therapeutic doses it may cause abdominal discomfort and anaemia: Large doses may cause marked discomfort and alteration in blood (methaemoglobinaemia) and destruction of red blood cells (haemolytic anaemia) in individuals who have low level of an enzyme called G-6 PD. Spot tests are available for testing of G-6-PD deficiency state. If

C-6-PD deficiency is detected, bulaquin (AABLAQUIN) is available which is claimed to be tolerated well in a dose of 25 mg per day for 5 days.

Precautions

The drug should be taken under the supervision of a physician.

The drug should be stopped immediately if darkening of urine occurs.

Its concurrent use with quinacrine should be avoided.

Avoid its use if you are suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.

Note: Due to its toxic side-effects the drug is not allowed to be sold in regular chemist shops and is available only through the public health department.

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AdvCare is one of the leading Canada pharmacy website. First established in January 2000, its mission is to become the number one site for Discount Drugs and Generic Prescription Drugs searches.

Dihydroergotamine Mesylate (Dihydergot, DHE 45)

This can be used by the intramuscular or intravenous route. Its effect is less pronounced than ergotamine. Only a small percentage of persons respond to this drug. The adverse effects and precautions for dihydroergotamine are the same as those for ergotamine.

Triptans (Sumatriptian, Sumitrex, Migratan, 50 mg, 100 mg tablet; 60 mg/5 ml amp.)

These are newer drugs and are very effective in acute migraine. These are better tolerated than ergotamine. About three-fourths of the patients get complete relief within 2 to 3 hours. However, in some cases the pain may recur in 24 hours, due to short duration of action of the drug. Sumatriptan constricts dilated blood vessels and reduces swelling and inflammation which causes pain. Usual dose is 50 to 100 mg orally at the onset of pain and repeated after 24 hours. It can be used by subcutaneous injection (3 to 6 mg). This injection is painful.

Adverse Effects and Precautions

Tightness of head and chest, abnormal sensations (paraesthesia) in arms and legs, weakness and dizziness are common short lasting adverse effects. Serious effects are slow pulse (bradycardia) and precipitation of heart attack (acute myocardial infarction). In rare cases it may cause sudden death. Some cases of fits and drug allergy have also reported. Therefore, it should never be taken by patients suffering from heart disease (coronary artery disease), epilepsy and high blood pressure. Other contraindication are pregnancy, liver and kidney diseases. It is never combined with ergotamine.

Drugs for Prevention of Future Attacks

Preventive treatment is needed if the attacks occur more than twice or thrice a month . Before starting this kind of treatment one must try to avoid or treat the above-mentioned precipitating factors. In most cases, it occurs unpredictably or develops in relation to such provoking factors as the work situation, which cannot be avoided or modified. The drugs for the prevention of attacks of migraine are described in the order in which they might be useful for this purpose.

Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers

Propranolol (Inderal, Betaspan)

This is moderately effective in preventing attacks of migraine and remains the most commonly used drug in this condition. In the beginning low doses of 20 mg are given 2 to 3 times daily; these are increased every 2 to 3 weeks until either the migraine attacks become significantly less frequent and/or dose of 160 mg/day is reached.

Adverse Effects: It may decrease the working capacity of the heart, specialiy if large doses are used. In asthmatic patients it aggravates the disease. Some patients experience a feeling of weakness or lassitude and leg pains.

Precautions

It should be used with great caution if the heart is weak.

It should not be used in patients suffering from asthma or related lung disease like bronchitis and emphysema (enlargement of the air sacs of the lungs, causing breathlessness).

Diabetes patients should get their blood sugar checked regularly while taking this drug.

It should never be stopped abruptly as it may precipitate a heart attack. Always consult a doctor if you want to stop this drug.

Do not increase the dose if a feeling of weakness or lassitude develops.

About the author:
AdvCare is one of the Canada leading pharmacy

website. First established in January 2000, its mission is to become the number one site for

prescription drug and

href=”http://www.adv-care.com/”>drug store searches.

What is Blood Pressure?

All the tissues and organs of the body need nourishment in the form of oxygen, glucose, and minerals for their normal functioning. This nourishment is carried by the blood to various sites through the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. With each contraction of the heart, blood is pushed into the arteries. In healthy persons this pressure is normal, but in some it may be more than normal. This above normal pressure in the arteries is called high blood pressure or hypertension. In some cases it may be less than normal and is then termed low blood pressure or hypotension. Blood pressure has two components – Systolic (upper) and Diastolic (lower). It is written as 120/80 mm Hg which means 120 mm Hg systolic and 80 mm Hg diastolic. The abbreviation ‘mm Hg’ stands for millimeter of mercury.

Correct Way to Measure BP: Routine office BP measurement is done in a sitting position. One has to sit quietly with back supported for 5 minutes and arm placed at the level of heart. Coffee tea or smoking are not allowed in the preceding hour. For establishing hypertension at least three readings, one week apart must be taken. At each sitting two readings should be taken to confirm diagnosis. Readings are taken in both arms and if there is a significant difference then the arm with higher reading is selected for subsequent measurements.

In diabetics, BP is taken in supine or lying down position and repeated, 2 minutes later, in upright position. This is done to detect any fall in BP in upright position. This is very important in diabetics and elderly lest they may fall under the effect of medicines used to control hypertension. In a number of cases BP is higher in the physician’s clinic than at home. This is due to a stress in the presence of doctor and is called as ‘white-coat hypertension’. This phenomenon is more common in females. Self-check provide useful information on blood pressure response to treatment, may improve adherence to therapy and is useful in evaluating the extent of ‘white-coat’ hypertension. Home measurements can be done by ‘dial type’ variant of BP instrument, electronic self-inflating sets or by miniature versions which are placed on wrists. These instruments are reasonably accurate. However, they must be calibrated from time to time.

This can be determined by measuring the blood pressure with an instrument called sphygmomanometer (BP measuring instrument). Normally, blood pressure varies from individual to individual, depending upon factors such as heredity, age, sex, nutrition, and body weight. A diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or above is classified as hypertension and requires medical consultation.

The treatment of BP is generally determined by the rise of systolic and diastolic BP. However, one should not get apprehensive if the BP goes above the normal limit once in a while.

Types and Causes of Hypertension: Hypertension has been divided into two categories: essential or primary hypertension, and secondary hypertension. The exact cause of primary or essential hypertension is not known but there is generally a narrowing of the blood vessels. In secondary hypertension, there is involvement of other organs or systems such as the kidney, adrenal glands, and disorders like toxaemia of pregnancy. In secondary hypertension, the cause can be treated and blood pressure brought to normal. Primary hypertension lasts a lifetime and needs continuous treatment. Almost 90% cases of hypertension are of primary variety. Syndrome-X is given to a constellation of obesity, high BP, insulin resistance and raised blood lipids. It is commonly seen in our country.

When Does Blood Pressure Become High?

BP depends upon three important factors: force of contraction, the rate of beating of the heart, and the resistance to blood flow caused by the inner diameter of the blood vessels. Besides these, the volume of blood may also affect the BP. It is a common experience that emotional trauma or excitement, physical exercise or exertion increase the heart rate, which is experienced in the form of palpitation (bouncing or beating of the heart against the chest wall), resulting in a rise in BP. This is generally short-lived and does not require any treatment. The dangerous form of high BP is one which persists on repeated examinations.

What Happens When the Blood Pressure Is High? The symptoms of high blood pressure may be related to elevated pressure itself, a disease of the blood vessel, or some other underlying diseases responsible for elevation of blood pressure. The most common symptom of elevated blood pressure is headache, specially in the back portion of the head. This is usually more

severe when the person wakes up in the morning. Other symptoms are dizziness, giddiness, palpitation, and easy fatigability. In more severe cases the symptoms are bleeding through the nose or blood in the urine, blurring of vision due to changes in the arteries of the retina (screen for vision in the eye), incidence of dizziness or fainting due to transient decrease in blood flow to the brain, pain in the chest, and breathlessness. When blood supply of brain is drastically reduced, paralysis or ’stroke’ may occur.

[Today invests]Trust industry: Notable cost advantage

The market had not realized fully trust industry (quotation stock) the value, they think four reasons are worth the investor paying attention: 1st, industry chain establishes low cost superiority. After producing can expand the overall scale 670,000 tons ideas, the present stage company will have at least 69% producing to be able the electric power to realize being self-sufficient, in the future 100% being self-sufficient electrical energies will also be in the near future. Electricity price entire profession low about 15%, only an electric power ton aluminum production cost compared to entire profession low about 900 Yuan. 2nd, achievement elasticity is big, explosive increase’s possibility is high. 3rd, the crosswise comparison still largely underestimated. The trust industry/in each aluminiferous value the premium scope is lower than the same business in stock price, it fully had still not been known by the market, has provided a high margin of safety. 4th, estimate value is relatively steady.

[Beijing first card]Astronautics long peak: The war industry main item is worth anticipating

The Beijing astronautics long peak limited liability company computer technology subsidiary company foothold astronautics, develops the dual-use computer system and peripheral, undertakes attack of the national space major construction project computer equipment, the development, the production, forms a complete set as well as assumes astronautics software evaluation duty. The company has the alone astronautics characteristic adaptability to environment design core technologies and against information divulging core technologies, the research and development operation receives the national policy for a long time the key support, is reinforcing the computer, the embedded computer, the handhold computer, the information security, the software evaluation, the computer simulation domain has the technical leading superiority. The astronautics long peak has nearly 70 people to be engaged in the software evaluation work, undertakes the State Natural Sciences Foundation, the country 863 plans the CIMS subject and many other projects, in the 80’s started the software engineering engineering research, in the late 80’s conducted the follow-up research to the SEI/CMM technology, in software testing technology grasped with applying, particularly in embedded software’s test technique aspect, had the domestic advanced standard. Since many years, successfully have completed the resource satellite, the wind and cloud satellite, the Shenzhou series airship and other more than items of essential software’s third parties evaluate independently, in the computer software quality assurance, the embedded software development engineering environment, computer simulation technology application and other domains have made the remarkable contribution for our country’s space undertaking.

[Consultant Jin Zheng]Zhenhua science and technology: The thing networking + the war industry strong trend breaks through the time

“Thing networking” was lucky should from August 7 to calculate that truly, this day Premier Wen Jiabao came Wuxi micro sensing network engineering technology R&D center to inspect and to make the important speech, Premier Wen pointed out that “in the sensing network development, must early a spot plan the future, early a spot broke through the core technologies, sped up to advance the sensing network development, established China’s sensing message center as soon as possible, or called ` sensation China’ center”. Therefore “sensing network” and “thing networking” one night becomes the hot word. Afterward on 24th, China Mobile president Wang Jianzhou in visiting in Taiwan’s first public discourse also right “thing networking” greatly explained. Attention of the central authority, the impetus of star enterprise, statement of the authority takes seriously and supports, all these enabled “thing networking” to become in the media eye fragrant steamed bun. Thing networking versatility, spreads the intelligent transportation, the environmental protection, the government service, the public security, the safe home, the intelligent fire prevention, the industry monitor and old person to nurse, the personal health and many other domains, it is estimated that in the future will involve over ten thousand hundred million Yuan industries, but the construction of thing networking will undoubtedly cause the electronic information and electronic device related benefit business is biggest. The Zhenhua science and technology (quotation stock) is engaged in the electronic information product mainly the development production and sale. The leading product includes: Takes the finned tantalum capacitor, the chip resistor, the chip inductor, finned two, triodes and thick film hybrid integrated circuit and high vacuum switching valve as representative’s new electronic primary device; Takes the program-controlled switch and electronic telephone (migration, not to have rope and television telephone set) as representative’s correspondence complete machine; Takes the electric power automation control system as representative’s light integration of machinery equipment and so on. Regardless of these leading products in performance and quality, is in the domestic similar products advanced level in the market share, and completely through ISO9001:2000 quality management system authentication and country military symbol quality system authentication. In the future along with the thing all-around construction of networking, the company will have the opportunity greatly, the latter city favors.

[Nine tripods Germany abundant]Collection group: Businessmen are invited to open companies negotiable securities momentarily possibly release profiting variety

The whole world can provide all container varieties only and has the complete intellectual property rights container supplier. The monopoly had decided the fixed price power, causes its product ratio of margin maintains the relatively high level, the collection group (quotation stock) the monopolistic advantage, has created its recent years rapid growth miracle. Possibly affects stock price looking from the recent theme factor the angle, its share-holding’s businessmen are invited to open companies negotiable securities possibly face momentarily distribute, on September 8 its IPO crossed will authorize, the release date is momentarily possible.

[Livelihood of the people negotiable securities]Milky Way science and technology: Low price networking electron and astronautics concept stock

The Milky Way science and technology (quotation stock) holding Nanning Milky Way south software limited company, the registered capital 50 million Yuan, devotes to the information technology and computer software, the system integration and web platform system development, design and application, mainly continues the modern technology education intelligence electronic system project. The Milky Way science and technology holding subsidiary company North Sea Milky Way electronic co. and Sichuan the star electronic co. is the present domestic model and series variety most entire, the output biggest chip resistor and finned resistance network development and manufacturing firms one, the finned resistance network project widely will be applied forever in the aerospace and national defense field. Forever the star electron is a kind of war industry fixed point factory which the national defense science and industry committee recognized, the national big two electronic component production enterprise. From Shenzhou No. 1 start, Sichuan forever the star in all one’s strength has provided the high-grade electronic primary device for the airship system, is “Shenzhou” airship and launch vehicle development necessary makes the significant contributions.

(This article originates: NetEase finance and economics)

据新华网9月9日消息，人力资源和社会保障部部长尹蔚民透露，规范中央企业负责人薪酬的指导性文件，目前已经国务院批准，近日即将下发。

“天价薪酬”、“零年薪”等，一直是去年以来公众热议的焦点。央企普通职工和负责人薪酬悬殊数十倍引发重大争议，央企高管到底应该拿多少？

对此，财政部在今年年初曾提出“限薪令”的设想，但正式文件迟迟没有下发。7月24日，人社部新闻发言人尹成基曾公开表示，去年以来人社部会同有关部门研究制订规范中央企业负责人薪酬管理的文件，总体上按照“先中央后地方”两步走的要求，着力建立健全央企负责人薪酬分配的激励和约束机制。

8月，人力资源和社会保障部副部长胡晓义也明确表示，中央企业负责人薪酬管理指导意见将严格遵循五条基本原则：市场调节和政府监管相结合，不能错位；激励功能和约束机制相统一，不能偏废；短期的激励和长期的激励相兼顾，不能近视；高管人员的薪酬增长和职工工资的增长相协调，不能悬殊；完善薪酬制度与规范补充保险、职务消费等相配套，不能单一。

而到目前，此项改革政策终于进入实质性阶段。

尹蔚民强调，收入分配制度领域的另一项改革，是2010年全面启动的事业单位绩效工资改革。事业单位实施绩效工资，不是简单的涨工资，而是要同事业单位规范津贴补贴相结合，同建立事业单位工作人员的考核机制相结合，建立一种新的机制和制度。

尹蔚民表示，规范央企负责人薪酬的意见，事业单位的绩效工资制度的实施，都是推动收入分配体制改革的重要举措。针对收入分配领域的问题，相关部门正“循序渐进地、逐步地”解决，旨在建立一个合理有序的收入分配格局。

此外，尹蔚民表示，事业单位实施绩效工资涉及人员多、单位数量多，具体落实“要有一个过程”。

据了解，文件将规范目前国资委监管的136家中央企业，同时囊括财政部监管的20多家金融企业,以及近4000家中央部门（单位）管理的非金融国有及国有控股企业（集团）。

(本文来源：中国企业家 )

Lending curbs may help economy: Mobius

China’s lending slowdown may benefit the domestic economy by reducing risk and investors should still buy shares of the nation’s banks, investor Mark Mobius said.
“I don’t see a slowdown in lending as a bad thing,” Mobius, who oversees about $34 billion in emerging markets funds as chairman of Templeton Asset Management Ltd, said yesterday. “It moderates risk to some degree because people don’t go overboard.”
Chinese banks have begun restricting new loans, responding to a push by regulators to contain credit after a surge in lending in the first half of this month, according to people familiar with the situation. That’s stoking concern a government clampdown on lending will slow growth in the world’s third largest economy.
Recent gains by Chinese stocks had been overdone, while local banks have yet to tap fully potential demand for individual loans, Mobius said. The Shanghai Composite Index has dropped as much as 23 percent from a 14-month high set in August, after having doubled from its November 2008 low. The measure is currently 13 percent below last year’s peak.
“The market was due for a correction,” he said. “I don’t see the start of a huge bear market any time soon. As the Chinese get more into spending rather than saving, the banks will do very well. The consumer market really has just scratched the surface.”
Global equities tumbled last week after higher-than-expected economic growth in China fueled concern that borrowing costs will rise to prevent the economy from overheating.
GDP expanded 10.7 percent while consumer prices rose a higher-than-estimated 1.9 percent in December from a year earlier, according to official data.
Every major stock index tracked globally by Bloomberg has fallen this year, amid proposed crackdowns by the US on the banking industry and unwinding of government stimulus measures worldwide. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index, which jumped 75 percent in 2009, has dropped 5.3 percent this year.
Biggest risks
The three biggest risks to China are the country’s reliance on demand for its exports, the supply of money, and potential losses by companies, in China and overseas, from derivatives, Mobius said.
Mobius said on Jan 25 in Bangkok that he still doesn’t believe there’s a property bubble in China. He had said on Jan 7 he’s buying shares of Chinese developers because consumer demand will increase and government efforts won’t hurt economic growth.
Property prices in 70 cities across China climbed 7.8 percent in December, the fastest pace in 18 months, a government report showed this month. China’s property sales jumped 75.5 percent to 4.4 trillion yuan last year, led by Zhejiang province and Shanghai.
‘Too much demand’
China’s property-market data may be masking the degree that speculation is driving prices in some of the larger cities, a World Bank economist said on Jan 25. Only some areas in the Chinese economy are overheating, such as the Shanghai property market, Mobius said. “There’s too much demand, not enough supply,” he said. “If you travel around the country, this is not the average situation.”
Mobius also said the price of commodities, including some precious metals, will climb. Metals prices fell yesterday on concern that China’s measures to curb economic growth may hurt demand. “Commodities are going to continue their upward trend,” he said. “I’m a big fan of palladium. It may even outpace platinum.”

China’s CCI rises in Q4 of 2009

China’s consumer confidence index (CCI) rose to 103.9 in the fourth quarter last year, up 3.1 percentage points from the previous quarter, said a report released on Jan 26 by the China Economic Monitoring &Analysis Center under the National Bureau of Statistics.
The rise was largely due to consumers’ optimistic judgement on the country’s economic outlook and strong expectation for employment and personal income, said the report.
It also showed 79 percent of Chinese consumers were optimistic toward the country’s macroeconomic situation, an increase of 36 percentage points from the third quarter.
The report revealed that personal income and health remained top concerns, with 43 percent of respondents saying they paid close attention to the issue of personal income.
Some 68 percent of respondents expected price rises this year.
The CCI measures consumers’ opinions on employment, the economy, regular income, the stock market and quality of life.
China’s economy expanded 8.7 percent in 2009 from a year earlier, exceeding the government’s annual growth target of 8 percent.